Death row inmates are individuals who have been convicted of committing capital crimes and have been sentenced to the death penalty as punishment. In many instances, there are separate facilities to house death row inmates, however, this is not always the case. A death row inmate will remain “on death row” until the appeals process has been complete. 

Subsequently, if his/her sentence is not overturned, his/her execution will be scheduled. While awaiting his/her execution, a death row inmate will remain in a maximum security prison. In many instances, an individual will be required to remain incarcerated for many years before his/her fate is decided and his/her execution is carried out. For example, it is possible for an inmate to remain on death row for over ten years, with the longest recorded stay being thirty five years.

Unless their sentences are overturned, death row inmates will eventually be executed by lethal gas, lethal injection, firing squad, hanging, or electrocution. Currently, the majority of Texas death row inmates, and death row inmates throughout the country, are executed by lethal injection. 

Texas has one of the largest populations of death row inmates in the country, along with Florida and California. As of 2008, there were of 3,500 people on death row. Only 61 of these inmates were women. Death row inmates have been convicted of murder, though the specific aspects of each case vary greatly. For example, an individual who shot another person, whether purposely or accidentally, during a robbery, can be on death row with a serial murderer. 

The Richland County Detention Center is an important part of the juvenile justice system in South Carolina. There are numerous juvenile detention facilities located in South Carolina, including long term care facilities in Columbia, South Carolina. These juvenile detention centers are dedicated to containing juveniles who have been convicted of criminal behavior. 

As a result, the community remains protected from any further harm that these juveniles may cause, however, the offenders are not subjected to the harsh conditions that are present in adult detention centers. In South Caroline, The Juvenile Detention Center, which is operated by the Department of Juvenile Justice, provides offenders with the care and the resources necessary for them to modify their behavior and become productive individuals. 

The Juvenile Detention Center of South Carolina is dedicated to caring for juvenile offenders who are between the ages of 11 and 17. It is a co-ed facility, housing both female and male offenders. Overtime, these juvenile detention facilities become overcrowded, and in 2001, an expanded facility was created. 

Juveniles who are placed in this juvenile detention center are provided with a thorough education, and if necessary, they have access to special education. Residents will also have access to counseling and medical services. They will be provided with routine checkups and medical care, in addition to emergency services. The Juvenile Detention Center seeks to uphold the rights of juvenile offenders while rehabilitating them.

A federal inmate is an individual who is sentenced to spend time in a federal prison. In order for an individual to become a federal inmate, he/she must commit a federal crime, and subsequently be tried and convicted by a federal court. If he/she is tried by a state court, he/she will be required to carry out his/her sentence in a state prison, thereby making him/her a state prison inmate.

The severity of the crime that an individual commits does not determine whether he/she will serve his/her sentence in a state prison or a federal prison. There are many different types of crimes that may be tried in a federal court. For example, fraud, forgery, embezzlement, counterfeiting, extortion, cyber crimes, and insider trading are all considered to be federal crimes. Violent crimes, including murder and arson can be tried by a federal court, though they are usually addressed by state courts. 

As a result of the variety of crimes that can be tried by federal courts, federal prison inmates may range a great deal in demeanor and personality. The federal prison system maintains numerous prisons, all of which are considered to have different levels of security. 

The most dangerous federal prison inmates are generally contained within maximum security federal prisons. For example, individuals convicted of serial murder or crimes against children may be kept in a maximum security federal facility. Convicts who have not committed violent crimes may remain in minimum security federal prisons.

Deterrence is an attempt to prevent a crime from taking place by creating such severe punishments that it will prevent an individual from committing a crime in the first place. Penology defines the effect that deterrence has on a felon in two categories.

Specific deterrence focuses on the particular felon in particular. This kind of deterrence seeks to prevent the felon from committing an additional crime and based on calculating the gravity of the crime in question.

General or indirect deterrence is the philosophy that is the consequences of committing a felony are very strong, are severe, and are well-publicized, it will act as a deterrent against further crime because it will prevent other individuals from becoming a felon because they will be intimidated by the punishments they know are awaiting them if they pursue a felonious course of action. 

General deterrence operated not by targeting an individual felon and hoping that being given a harsh punishment will help the sentenced felon learn right from wrong, but will instead intimidate other individuals who would not want to be subjected to the same punishments from becoming felons in the first place.

The death penalty is an example of general deterrence. Incapacitation is considered another approach to specific deterrence. The general form of incapacitation is incarceration.

Deterrence has been criticized as being ineffective at accomplishing its goals. The efficiency of specific deterrence has been criticized since it cannot address crimes committed in the heat of the moment or while under the influence. General deterrence has been denounced as making an example out of a criminal, making it unfair to the individual felon. 

Dissimilar to a prison cell, which is constructed with stainless steel and cement to house individuals convicted of a crime, a padded cell is typically found in mental institutions. Padded cells are small, enclosed rooms, which possess cushions that line the walls. The cell padding is instituted so that the mentally unstable don’t attempt to inflict pain on themselves. 

Often times the patients who stay in a padded cell are suicidal or simply out of touch with reality–characteristics that would precipitate self-mutilation. The pads prevent patients from inflicting harm on themselves; if the rooms lacked cell padding an individual can bang his/her head against the cement wall causing great damage and perhaps even death.

A padded cell, which is often times referred to as a ‘rubber room’ are typically 8 feet by 10 feet. In addition to the walls being padded, the floor is also covered in a 4-inch deep padding to further prevent the individual from inflicting pain on him/herself. The cell padding on the walls is commonly made of strong canvas, which is then covered in a rubbery substance or paint. 

The canvas is not one giant slab, but rather small patches, joined together to create a soft padding. The floors of a padded cell are usually covered in leather or cork crumbs. Unlike a prison cell door which is composed of stainless steel bars, the door to a padded cell is made of strong wood and only contains a small window for observational purposed. On the inside of the padded cell, the door is coated in thick padding backed by a rubber oval shape. The cell padding is a distinct feature of a padded cell, and is essential to protect the mentally unstable from harming themselves. 

A prison cell or jail cell is a small room (typically 6 by 8 feet in size) that is used to confine prisoners or those convicted of a wrongdoing. Prison cells are used to hold individuals alleged of an immoral act within a police station, and used to house prisoners convicted of a crime in a prison or rehabilitation facility. Prison cells are small rooms with steel or brick walls; one barred or solid door, which locks from the outside, is used to keep the prisoner confined in the small space.

The typical prison cell uses barred doors; however, many inmates especially, those with severe psychological problems are confined in a room with solid doors. These doors usually contain a small window that allows the prisoner to be observed, and a slot that allows guards to transfer the prisoner’s meals. The limited furnishings and fixtures within a jail cell are constructed to the cell itself; this makes the amenities impossible to move and difficult to damage. 

A jail cell contains stainless steel toilets, a small sink, and a cot that contains one blanket and one pillow. Nothing else, other than books, letters, and in some cases selected items are allowed in the jail cell. The lack of items within a prison cell prevents vandalism and disables the prisoner from making weapons.

Each correctional facility is organized and aligned through different cell configurations. From simple police station holding cells to massive maximum security cell blocks, the organization of a correctional facility is designed based out of necessity in coordination with the facility’s population.

A prisoner is an individual that has been convicted of a crime and has been sentenced to serve out a period of incarceration as punishment. A prisoner will usually serve out a sentence in a prison or jail, and the length of time in which the prisoner will be incarcerated will depend on the laws or statutes that were violated and the severity of the crime. A prisoner can also be a person that has been captured by the enemy during a time of war.

Prisoners will serve out their sentence as best fit and determined by the court and legal system. During the period of incarceration, prisoners will be restrained to remaining within the grounds of a correctional facility. The level of security of the facility in which a prisoner may be placed will usually be concurrent with the type of crime that was committed and how severe such a crime is. 

For example, murderers will usually be placed in maximum security prisons, where it is crucial to have constant surveillance of the prisoner population due to the danger they may pose to other prisoners and correctional staff. On the other hand, individuals that are convicted of lesser crimes, such as those that can be classified as “white collar crimes,” will usually be placed in minimum security prisons. These prisons will not have constant surveillance of the prisoners and their personal liberties may not be as restricted as those prisoners in higher security facilities.

When it comes to the governing and overseeing of the correctional facility and prison system in the United States, it can be said that it is delegated between two delegations, the Federal Bureau of Prisons and the Department of Corrections. The Federal Bureau of Prisons is the law enforcement agency which is a branch of the United States Department of Justice which is responsible for the administration and governing of the federal prison system in the United States. 

The Department of Corrections refers to the local agency of state or local governments which are responsible for the treatment of inmates in state facilities. Though both may seem to be one in the same, the Federal Bureau of Prisons is strictly responsible for those facilities that are controlled by the federal government, while the Department of Corrections will be controlled by the state. Each state in the country will have its own Department of Corrections and inherent laws and regulations.

The Federal Bureau of Prisons was first established in 1930, with the ultimate goal providing for inmates on a more human and professional manner. Furthermore, the Bureau was also developed in order to provide for a more centralized governing body for the eleven federal prisons that exist in the United States. 

The Bureau, aside for overlooking the federal correctional facilities and prisons, is also in charge of carrying out all of the federally ordered executions in the United States, for the exception of those mandated under military law. The correctional facility that holds the execution chamber is located in Terre Haute, Indiana, which is entails executions to be carried out by lethal injection. 

The Federal Bureau of Prisons is the federally government agency that is in charge of the administration of the federal prison system in the United States. The Federal Bureau of Prisons, or FBOP, is a considered to be a branch of the United States Department of Justice, and is also responsible for handling inmates that committed federal crimes in the District of Columbia as well. 

The Federal Bureau of Prisons was established in 1930 in order to provide a more concise and centralized faction to govern the eleven federal prisons that existed in the country at that time. The FBOP was originally intended to provide a more professional service and organization of the federal prisons, while also allowing for a more humane treatment and care for inmates of federal prisons and facilities.

As of today, the Federal Bureau of Prisons has its central headquarters in Washington, D.C., though it also has six regional offices. The FBOP currently is in charge of over 119 institutions and facilities that currently handle nearly 208,000 federal prisoners. Furthermore, the FBOP is also in charge of over 28 community corrections offices and has two training centers. 

Due to the large system of facilities that the Federal Bureau of Prisons overlooks, a sub-section known as the National Institute of Corrections was created in order to assist with the local and state correctional agencies and facilities. The NIC was first established in 1974 by the United States Congress and plays a more important role with the various State Department of Corrections that are in place today. 

Within the prison systems of the United States, inmates will usually be issued a particular job in which money can be made during their stay in the penitentiary. However, wages will prove to be quite minimal and are intended to provide inmates with an income that can be used after they are released from prison or within the prison itself. Prison commissaries are found in most prisons, where inmates can purchase certain items while in jail. The Prison commissary is usually like a warehouse where items that have been approved to be used by inmates can be purchased. This may include items such as cigarettes, books, and other types of leisure items.

Purchasing items from the prison commissary will usually entail a very particular and regimented process. Inmates will receive a list of the items and goods that are available at the commissary, and fill out the list for the desired items. Inmates will be designated a certain day in which they can go to the commissary and purchase these goods. 

Commissaries are usually run by prison guards or corrections officers, though other prisoners may also be employed for the position. Because cash is not allowed in prisons, commissaries deduct the prices of the items from the accounts that are set up for each prisoner where their earnings from the prison jobs are stored. Some commissaries and jails issue inmates ID cards which are used similarly to debit cards. Also, prisoners are also allowed to receive money from family and friends on the outside, which is placed into such an account.